Analysis of Factors Affecting the Education Level of Provincial Children in Indonesia in 2023 Using the Multiple Linear Regression Method

Abstract

Education is a critical driver for individual development and nation-building. This study aims to analyze the impact of economic and infrastructural factors, specifically average monthly per capita expenditure (), family income (), and access to educational facilities measured by the percentage of severely damaged schools (), on the level of children's education () across provinces in Indonesia in 2023. Utilizing secondary data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), a multiple linear regression analysis was executed using Minitab software. The simultaneous F-test results indicate that the independent variables collectively exert a significant effect on the level of children's education. Partially, per capita expenditure shows a significant positive relationship with educational attainment, whereas family income exhibits a significant negative impact. Conversely, access to educational facilities does not significantly influence the response variable. Although the model successfully captured distinct regional disparities and outlier phenomena, the IIDN residual analysis reveals that the regression model does not fully satisfy the assumptions of being identical, independent, and normally distributed, yielding a coefficient of determination () of 18.81%. These findings emphasize the vital role of household economic allocation in educational attainment and suggest that policymakers should integrate broader contextual variables to mitigate regional educational disparities effectively.